Estrogens are the female sex hormones that mediate the important processes that result in the maturation of the female reproductive system and secondary sexual characteristics. Yet, male sex hormones, namely androgens, are also essential for female health, physical and emotional. Image Credit: Marta Design/Shutterstock.com Androgens in women act not only as the precursor of estrogens but also affect most organ […]

Hearing loss is the third most common chronic condition in the United States. Individuals suffering from hearing loss report reduced quality of life, and a higher risk of depression. Osteoporosis has been identified in some studies as a risk factor for hearing loss. Image Credit: Crevis/Shutterstock.com What is osteoporosis and hearing loss? Osteoporosis is a common metabolic disorder that causes progressive […]

Banti’s syndrome, a disorder of the spleen is characterized by the spleen prematurely destroying red blood cells. This syndrome is defined by abnormal spleen enlargement (splenomegaly) caused by blood flow obstruction in some veins and abnormally high blood pressure (hypertension) in the hepatic, portal veins of the liver and the splenic veins of the spleen. Guido Banti (Professor of pathological […]

The immune system is a central difference in the protection against pathogenic organisms. Several factors influence the strength of the immune system; some of these factors are not capable of being modified, such as genetics and stage of life, but several modifiable factors can influence the immune system. By optimizing each of these modifiable factors, the immune system can be […]

According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), mental health conditions are increasing worldwide. In recent times the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the increased use of social media have been implicated. Contrarily some think increasing mental health problems are a myth. Especially before the appearance of COVID-19 patchy data and increased self-reporting was deemed responsible for a mythical epidemic […]

(BSS) is an extremely rare, genetic blood-clotting illness marked by large platelet cells, thrombocytopenia, and a protracted bleeding period. Jean-Bernard and Jean-Pierre Soulier documented the first male patient who suffered from recurrent episodes of bleeding throughout his life and died at the age of 28 from a cerebral hemorrhage caused by a bar fight in 1948. Image Credit: Kateryna Kon/Shutterstock.com […]

The Barakat syndrome, also known as HDR syndrome, is a clinically variable (heterogeneous) rare genetic condition first identified by Barakat et al. in 1977. This clinical entity has a wide range of genotypic and phenotypic variants and is genetically diverse. Image Credit: valiantsin suprunovich The GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) gene haploinsufficiency causes Barakat syndrome, an autosomal dominant uncommon genetic […]